Plastic Bags or Jelly Fish? The Effects of Plastic Waste on Sea Turtles
by Abigail Brown, Chance Eggert, and Ryan Wagner
The ever growing use and irresponsible disposal of plastics has led to significant impacts on both the current status and future of many different organisms, but sea turtles in particular are directly impacted on a variety of levels. Human overconsumption and waste of plastics can degrade essential breeding grounds for sea turtles, and the presence of these plastics in the water can lead to their consumption by sea turtles, which frequently results in their strangulation. These harmful outcomes of plastic use and consumption impact humans at well, yet the policies behind these issues are so complex. This misuse of plastics can be derived from our own convoluted perception of what the world around us actually is and how it react to our actions, stemming from the ideas of resourcism and umwelt. Plastics that make their way into the oceans present themselves at every level for sea turtles.
Since it’s creation, plastic has been the single most useful and destructive things on our planet. Not only does it allow us as humans to make our lives easier, but it has also made us forget the impact of plastics on ourselves and other living beings just like us. When a piece of plastic is thrown out by someone most people forget any connection to that material or think that it will end up in a land-fill with all the other things we throw out. This is where we have been mislead, because on a yearly basis, over 8 million metric tons of plastic ends up in our oceans (Ocean Conservancy).
Key Words:
Table of Contents
1. The World Around Us: Levels of Plastic Effects
2. Societal Components to the Problem: From People to Policy — Environmental Impacts
3. Why Do Plastics End Up in Our Oceans?
4. How Can Humans Mitigate Our Plastic Waste?
Bibliography
Auta, H. S., et al. “Distribution and Importance of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Sources, Fate, Effects, and Potential Solutions.” Environment International, vol. 102, May 2017, pp. 165–176. EBSCOhost
Beckwith, Valencia K., and Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes. “Microplastic at Nesting Grounds Used by the Northern Gulf of Mexico Loggerhead Recovery Unit.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 131, no. Part A, June 2018, pp. 32–37. EBSCOhost
Bugoni, Leandro, et al. “Marine Debris and Human Impacts on Sea Turtles in Southern Brazil.”
Marine Pollution Bulletin (2001). 42(12): 1330–1334
Claessens, Michiel, et al. “Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics in Marine Sediments along the Belgian Coast.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 10, 2011, pp. 2199–2204.
Cressey, Daniel. “PLASTIC OCEAN SCIENTISTS KNOW THAT THERE IS A COLOSSAL AMOUNT OF PLASTIC IN THE OCEANS. BUT THEY DON’T KNOW WHERE IT ALL IS, WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE OR WHAT DAMAGE IT DOES.” Nature, vol. 536, 18 Aug. 2016, pp. 263–265.
Derraik, José G.b. “The Pollution of the Marine Environment by Plastic Debris: a Review.”
Marine Pollution Bulletin. (2002) 44(9): 842–852
Farrell, James. “Introduction.” The Nature of College, Milkweed Editions, 2010, pp.
3–11.
Finska, Linda., Howden, Julie Gjortz. “Troubled waters – Where is the bridge? Confronting
marine plastic pollution from international watercourses.” Review of European,
Comparative & International Environmental Law. 27.3 (2018) 245-253.
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States. Oceans crucial for our climate, food, and nutrition. 25 September 2014. 25 April 2019. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/248479/icode
Hunters of the South Seas. Dir. Will Millard. Perf. Will Millard. 2015. Documentary.
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., Law, K.“Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean” Science (2015) 347(6223): 768-771.
Law, Kara Lavender, and Richard C. Thompson. “Microplastics in the Seas: Concern Is Rising about Widespread Contamination of the Marine Environment by Microplastics.” Science, 11 July 2014, pp. 144–145.
“Plastics in the Ocean.” Fighting for Trash Free Seas, Ocean Conservancy,
oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/plastics-in-the-ocean/.
Pro-Environmental Behaviors among Shoppers: Differences in Response by Gender To
Marks, Kathy, et al. “The World’s Rubbish Dump: a Tip That Stretches from Hawaii to Japan.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 23 Oct. 2011, www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/the-worlds-rubbish-dump-a-tip-that-stretches-from-hawaii-to-japan-778016.html.
Messaging about England’s Plastic-Bag Levy.” Journal of Advertising Research 58.3
(2018) 349-362.
Schuyler, Qamar A., et al. “Risk Analysis Reveals Global Hotspots for Marine Debris Ingestion by Sea Turtles.” Global Change Biology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 567–576. EBSCOhost,
Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire. 2016. 24 April 2019 http://www.bonaireturtles.org/wp/explore/are-sea-turtles-worth-saving/
Van Dooren, Thom. “Urban Penguins.” Flight Ways, Columbia University Press, 2014, pp.
63–85.
Xanthos, Dirk., Walker, Tony R. “Review: International policies to reduce plastic marine
pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review.” In Marine
Pollution Bulletin (2017) 118(1-2):17-26.